Did the IDF strike Gaza neighborhoods it knew were still populated?

Yes — in 2023 the Israeli military repeatedly struck Gaza neighborhoods it knew were still populated with civilians, including areas it had told people to shelter in.

Did the IDF warn civilians before its strikes?

Sometimes — and sometimes not at all. In October 2023 airstrikes on homes like the al-Ouf and al-Alaq buildings, residents received no warning whatsoever, and civilian survivors told Amnesty International there were no fighters nearby (Amnesty International¹). Even where warnings were given, they were no shield: the IDF struck the very areas it had told people to flee to.

Why the IDF’s evacuation orders don’t excuse the strikes

The IDF ordered 1.1 million civilians — the entire civilian population of northern Gaza — to move south, an evacuation order that was not realistic. The crossings were closed, roads were strewn with rubble, fuel was scarce, and older people, people with disabilities and hospital patients could not evacuate (Human Rights Watch²). UN experts called the escalating evacuation orders forcible transfer (OHCHR³). The UN’s independent Commission of Inquiry documented airstrikes on residential buildings, refugee camps, and families fleeing along designated evacuation routes, with roughly 90 percent of the casualties in mass-casualty incidents being civilians, mostly women and children (OHCHR⁴). Striking neighborhoods you know are still full of people isn’t collateral damage — it is the harm itself, which is why the ICC is investigating.